Lung transplantation for alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency emphysema.

Lung transplantation is an option for appropriately selected patients with end-stage emphysema caused by alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. The functional results have been excellent after single or bilateral lung transplantation, and the medium-term survival results have been good. However, the role of alpha 1-antitrypsin replacement therapy after lung transplantation remains uncertain, and further investigation is needed.