The HflB protease of Escherichia coli degrades its inhibitor lambda cIII.

The cIII protein of bacteriophage lambda is known to protect two regulatory proteins from degradation by the essential Escherichia coli protease HflB (also known as FtsH), viz., the lambda cII protein and the host heat shock sigma factor sigma32. lambda cIII, itself an unstable protein, is partially stabilized when the HflB concentration is decreased, and its half-life is decreased when HflB is overproduced, strongly suggesting that it is degraded by HflB in vivo. The in vivo degradation of lambda cIII (unlike that of sigma32) does not require the molecular chaperone DnaK. Furthermore, the half-life of lambda cIII is not affected by depletion of the endogenous ATP pool, suggesting that lambda cIII degradation is ATP independent (unlike that of lambda cII and sigma32). The lambda cIII protein, which is predicted to contain a 22-amino-acid amphipathic helix, is associated with the membrane, and nonlethal overproduction of lambda cIII makes cells hypersensitive to the detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate. This could reflect a direct lambda cIII-membrane interaction or an indirect association via the membrane-bound HflB protein, which is known to be involved in the assembly of certain periplasmic and outer membrane proteins.