Alternatives to estrogen replacement therapy for preventing osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is a leading cause of disability and death in older Americans; women are at higher risk than men. Bone is a living tissue that undergoes continuous remodeling throughout life. Several drugs-including sex hormones, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, and sodium fluoride-can arrest the progression of osteoporosis and prevent fractures. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation may prevent the development of osteoporosis in high-risk individuals and are useful adjuncts when used with other treatments.