Gestal Otero J J, Rodríguez Míguez L, Montes Martínez A, Takkouche B
Cátedra de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 1996 Jan-Feb;70(1):5-14.
Vaccinations are considered to be one of the most protitable Public Health activities, given that almost three million deaths and four hundred thousand cases of polyomyelitis paralysis are avoided throughout the world every year. Nevertheless, in under-developed countries, especially Africa, two million children die every year from diseases that can be prevented by vaccination. This article studies the re-emergence in recent years of diphtheria in Eastern European countries (Ukrania, Russia, Belorussia, Poland, ...) and of polyomyelitis in countries with no recorded cases of the disease in many years, such as the Netherlands, Bulgaria or Transcaucasian Republics and Eastern Asian countries formerly of the Soviet Union. An anlaysis is carried out on extent and effects, the factors contributing to re-emergence and preventive measures adopted to minimise outbreaks and avoid further cases.
考虑到每年在全球范围内避免了近300万人死亡以及40万例脊髓灰质炎瘫痪病例，疫苗接种被视为最具盈利性的公共卫生活动之一。然而，在不发达国家，尤其是非洲，每年有200万儿童死于可通过疫苗接种预防的疾病。本文研究了近年来东欧国家（乌克兰、俄罗斯、白俄罗斯、波兰等）白喉的再度出现，以及在多年未记录该疾病病例的国家，如荷兰、保加利亚或外高加索共和国以及前苏联的东亚国家中脊髓灰质炎的再度出现。对其范围和影响、导致再度出现的因素以及为尽量减少疫情爆发和避免更多病例而采取的预防措施进行了分析。
