Engelke K, Song S M, Glüer C C, Genant H K
University of California at San Francisco, Osteoporosis Research Group, USA.
J Bone Miner Res. 1996 Apr;11(4):480-9. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.5650110409.
A 3D microCT dataset of bovine bone was used to create a digital 3D model simulating trabecular bone. The model serves a dual purpose: It allows for standard quantitative histomorphometric analysis and it approximates the reality e.g. of high resolution CT in vivo datasets of trabecular bone. Thus the model can potentially be used as a reference to develop 2D and 3D structural analysis algorithms applicable in vivo while it simultaneously allows verification of the results of these algorithms by standard histomorphometry. The model can be used as a standard to evaluate the impact of image processing techniques and of restrictions of imaging systems on the quantitative analysis of structural parameters describing a trabecular network. The model can be used for a comparison of 2D and 3D structural analysis methods and for an analysis of decreasing spatial resolution. The effects of segmentation and filtration can be studied separately and grayscale analysis is possible. As examples standard 2D histomorphometry and the analysis of topological parameters like node number and trabecular network length were applied to the model. The influence of spatial resolution was investigated by decreasing the spatial resolution of the digital model. The bone surface area determined by 3D surface triangulation was only 4% smaller than the surface area determined from the traditional 2D bone histomorphometric parameter bone surface/tissue volume (BS/TV) when 2D results were averaged over all slices of the 3D volume. However, BS/TV showed large (10%) variations among slices within the volume. Both histomorphometric and topological parameters were heavily influenced by spatial resolution and image segmentation. Our initial experience with the digital model indicates a need to investigate bone microstructure based on volume data or to average the 2D results of many slices.
使用牛骨的三维显微CT数据集创建了一个模拟松质骨的数字三维模型。该模型有双重用途：它允许进行标准的定量组织形态计量分析，并且它近似于体内松质骨高分辨率CT数据集的实际情况。因此，该模型有可能用作开发适用于体内的二维和三维结构分析算法的参考，同时它允许通过标准组织形态计量学验证这些算法的结果。该模型可作为评估图像处理技术和成像系统限制对描述小梁网络的结构参数定量分析影响的标准。该模型可用于比较二维和三维结构分析方法以及分析空间分辨率降低的情况。分割和过滤的效果可以分别研究，并且可以进行灰度分析。作为示例，将标准二维组织形态计量学和拓扑参数（如节点数和小梁网络长度）的分析应用于该模型。通过降低数字模型的空间分辨率来研究空间分辨率的影响。当在三维体积的所有切片上对二维结果进行平均时，通过三维表面三角测量确定的骨表面积仅比从传统二维骨组织形态计量学参数骨表面积/组织体积（BS/TV）确定的表面积小4%。然而，BS/TV在体积内的切片之间显示出较大（10%）的变化。组织形态计量学和拓扑参数都受到空间分辨率和图像分割的严重影响。我们对数字模型的初步经验表明，需要基于体积数据研究骨微结构或对许多切片的二维结果进行平均。
