Krisans S K
Department of Biology, San Diego State University, California 92182, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1996 Dec 27;804:142-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb18614.x.
Thus, the results showing the presence of cholesterol synthetic enzymes in peroxisomes (see references 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, and 26), the reduced levels of cholesterol synthesis enzymes and cholesterol synthetic capacity of cells and tissues lacking peroxisomes, 26, 37, 39 and the low serum cholesterol levels in patients suffering from peroxisomal deficiency diseases40-43 demonstrate that peroxisomes are essential for normal cholesterol synthesis. A number of metabolic pathways require co-participation of enzymes located in both peroxisomes as well as enzymes found in other intracellular compartments. For example, the first steps of plasmalogen synthesis occur in the peroxisomes, while the terminal reactions are completed in the endoplasmic reticulum. Similarly, the oxidation of cholesterol to bile acids requires the participation of enzymes localized in the endoplasmic reticulum as well as peroxisomes. Little is known about the regulation of such pathways or about the shuttling of intermediates between compartments. The physiological importance of peroxisomal enzymes in the regulation of sterol metabolism remains to be clarified.
因此，有研究结果表明过氧化物酶体中存在胆固醇合成酶（见参考文献1、4、5、6、7、8、12、13、20、21、22、24、25和26），缺乏过氧化物酶体的细胞和组织中胆固醇合成酶水平降低以及胆固醇合成能力下降（参考文献26、37、39），并且过氧化物酶体缺乏症患者的血清胆固醇水平较低（参考文献40 - 43），这些都证明过氧化物酶体对于正常的胆固醇合成至关重要。许多代谢途径需要过氧化物酶体中的酶以及其他细胞内区室中的酶共同参与。例如，缩醛磷脂合成的第一步发生在过氧化物酶体中，而最终反应在内质网中完成。同样，胆固醇氧化为胆汁酸需要内质网以及过氧化物酶体中定位的酶的参与。对于此类途径的调控或区室之间中间体的穿梭了解甚少。过氧化物酶体酶在甾醇代谢调控中的生理重要性仍有待阐明。
