Succinylcholine-induced hyperkalemia following prolonged pharmacologic neuromuscular blockade.

While being treated for the acute respiratory distress syndrome, a 27-year-old woman developed profound hyperkalemia and cardiac arrest following the administration of succinylcholine chloride (SCh). She had none of the risk factors previously described for development of severe hyperkalemia following SCh administrations; however, she had been intermittently treated with nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs throughout the course of her illness. We suggest that immobilization of critically ill patients with pharmacologic neuromuscular blockade may predispose them to severe hyperkalemia and cardiac arrest following administration of SCh. SCh should be used with great caution in such patients.