Adeyemo O, Phadtare L, Williams C
Department of Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, AL 36088, USA.
Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 1996 Dec;42(8):1195-209.
Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus is a lentivirus of goats causing encephalomyelopathy acutely in young goats and occasionally in late stages of chronically infected adult goats. To determine the specific brain cells infected by the virus and the response of other cell types, goat cerebrum explant cultures prepared from newborn goat kids were infected by virus application. Infection of brain cultures was also possible by coculture with virus-infected macrophages. Predominantly, microglia cells were specifically infected by the virus, resulting in death of more than 50% of the cells within 2 weeks of infection. Infected cells enlarged and formed multinucleated giant cells. Infection of oligodendrocytes was observed, but infrequently. Astrocytes were not infected. Proviral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was detected in infected cultures by amplification of a 490 base-pair fragment of the viral gag gene by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Virus budding from plasma membrane of infected microglia cells was demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy. The supernatant of infected brain cells induced cytopathic effect when applied to indicator cells. These observations suggest productive infection of brain cultures. Virus infection of neurons was not observed. Culture of neurons in virus-free supernatant of CAEV-infected microglia or mixed glia culture resulted in death of 50% of the neurons in 11 days, suggesting the production of neurotoxic substances by the virus-infected glial cells.
山羊关节炎-脑炎病毒是一种山羊慢病毒，可使幼龄山羊急性发生脑脊髓病，偶尔也会在慢性感染成年山羊的晚期出现。为了确定被该病毒感染的特定脑细胞以及其他细胞类型的反应，将新生山羊的大脑外植体培养物通过接种病毒进行感染。通过与病毒感染的巨噬细胞共培养也可实现脑培养物的感染。主要是小胶质细胞被该病毒特异性感染，导致超过50%的细胞在感染后2周内死亡。被感染的细胞肿大并形成多核巨细胞。观察到少突胶质细胞被感染，但不常见。星形胶质细胞未被感染。通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术扩增病毒gag基因的490个碱基对片段，在感染的培养物中检测到前病毒脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）。通过透射电子显微镜证实了病毒从被感染小胶质细胞的质膜上出芽。将感染的脑细胞上清液应用于指示细胞时可诱导细胞病变效应。这些观察结果表明脑培养物发生了增殖性感染。未观察到神经元被病毒感染。在CAEV感染的小胶质细胞或混合胶质细胞培养物的无病毒上清液中培养神经元，11天内50%的神经元死亡，这表明被病毒感染的胶质细胞产生了神经毒性物质。
