Heston W D
Urologic Oncology Research Laboratory, George M. O'Brien Urology Research Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center NY, New York 10021, USA.
Urologe A. 1996 Sep;35(5):400-7. doi: 10.1007/s001200050041.
Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a novel prostate marker that is highly expressed in normal prostate as well as in prostate cancer. Its expression is increased in prostate cancer and is found primarily in the prostate. PSMA is considered to be a type II membrane protein with a 54% homology to the transferrin receptor. However, in normal prostate, PSM', an alternatively spliced form of PSMA, is localized in the cytoplasm. The PSMA functions as both a neurocarboxypeptidase and folate hydrolase and may therefore be involved in the neuroendocrine regulation of prostate growth and differentiation. The implication of these findings is currently under investigation. In this article the cloning of the PSMA gene, its possible role as a therapeutic target and its implication as a diagnostic tool with regard to the molecular staging of prostate cancer is reviewed.
前列腺特异性膜抗原（PSMA）是一种新型前列腺标志物，在正常前列腺组织以及前列腺癌组织中均有高表达。其在前列腺癌中的表达增加，且主要存在于前列腺中。PSMA被认为是一种II型膜蛋白，与转铁蛋白受体有54%的同源性。然而，在正常前列腺组织中，PSMA的一种可变剪接形式PSM'定位于细胞质中。PSMA兼具神经羧肽酶和叶酸水解酶的功能，因此可能参与前列腺生长和分化的神经内分泌调节。目前这些发现的意义正在研究中。本文综述了PSMA基因的克隆、其作为治疗靶点的可能作用以及作为前列腺癌分子分期诊断工具的意义。
