Griffiths M
Psychology Division, Nottingham Trent University.
J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 1996 Dec;3(6):347-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2850.1996.tb00138.x.
Most national surveys into gambling have concluded that there are more gamblers than non-gamblers. Although most gamblers can control their gambling behaviour, a small minority can suffer from pathological gambling. The acquisition, development and maintenance of pathological gambling is an area that is continually disputed and was only recognized as a bona fide mental disorder in the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-III, American Psychiatric Association 1980). The exact causes and reasons for continuing gambling behaviour seem to be dependent upon the individual, but there does seem to be some general underlying factors and reoccurring themes. This paper reviews the prevalence and history of pathological gambling and traces the phases of the pathological gambler's career. It is concluded that explanations of gambling behaviour (and particularly excessive gambling) are best served by an integrated biopsychosocial model, which stresses the individuality and idiosyncratic nature of the development of gambling problems.
大多数关于赌博的全国性调查得出结论，赌徒比非赌徒更多。虽然大多数赌徒能够控制自己的赌博行为，但少数人可能会患上病态赌博症。病态赌博的形成、发展和持续存在是一个一直存在争议的领域，直到《诊断与统计手册》第三版（美国精神病学协会，1980年）才将其确认为一种真正的精神障碍。持续赌博行为的确切原因似乎因人而异，但确实存在一些普遍的潜在因素和反复出现的主题。本文回顾了病态赌博的患病率和历史，并追溯了病态赌徒的生涯阶段。得出的结论是，对赌博行为（尤其是过度赌博）的解释最好采用综合生物心理社会模型，该模型强调赌博问题发展的个体性和独特性。
