Morin A
Laboratoire d'Anatomie-Organogénèse, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Grange-Blanche, France.
Bull Assoc Anat (Nancy). 1996 Mar;80(248):17-31.
Teratology, science of monsters, exists during the periods of Antiquity, Middle Ages, Renaissance, ... but its comes more precise at the XIXth century with Etienne. Geoffroy Saint Hilaire who studies several anomalies; he was interested in celosomia, cyclocephalia, anencephaly, twin monsters ... His son, Isidore Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, creates the word "Teratologie" and specifies the teratologic classification; he studies omphalosites, celosomia, hermaphrodite, twin monsters. During the XIXth century, the development of experimental embriology and teratogenesis is very important. During le XXth century the studies of morphologic teratology are specified. Famous living monsters are described; experimental teratogenese is improved; the mecanism and the etiology are more known. It is also the beguining of the teratologic surgery and of the antenatal diagnostic.
畸形学，即关于怪物的科学，存在于古代、中世纪、文艺复兴时期等等……但在19世纪随着艾蒂安·若弗鲁瓦·圣伊莱尔对多种畸形现象的研究而变得更加精确；他关注腹裂、并头畸形、无脑畸形、双头怪物等等。他的儿子伊西多尔·若弗鲁瓦·圣伊莱尔创造了“畸形学”这个词并明确了畸形学分类；他研究脐膨出、腹裂、两性畸形、双头怪物。在19世纪，实验胚胎学和致畸学的发展非常重要。在20世纪，形态学畸形学的研究得到了明确。描述了著名的活体怪物；实验致畸学得到改进；其机制和病因也更加为人所知。这也是畸形外科手术和产前诊断的开端。
