Conley S F, Gosain A K, Marks S M, Larson D L
Department of Otolaryngology and Human Communication, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
Am J Otolaryngol. 1997 Jan-Feb;18(1):38-46. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0709(97)90047-8.
To review current literature with respect to the diagnosis and assessment of velopharyngeal inadequacy (VPI), including present knowledge about the most common causes of VPI.
Data sources include published reports over the past 20 years derived from computerized databases and bibliographies of pertinent articles and books. Indexing terms used were "velopharyngeal incompetence," "velopharyngeal inadequacy." "velopharyngeal insufficiency."
VPI is most commonly associated with cleft palate, submucous cleft palate, and following adenoidectomy. The otolaryngologist can prevent the latter by preoperative identification of physical stigmata associated with VPI. Perceptual assessment is the criterion standard for diagnosis of VPI. Multiview videofluorography and flexible nasal endoscopy provide the best direct assessments to help plan and direct the optimal treatment of VPI.
回顾有关腭咽功能不全（VPI）诊断和评估的当前文献，包括关于VPI最常见病因的现有知识。
数据来源包括过去20年从计算机数据库以及相关文章和书籍的参考文献中获取的已发表报告。使用的索引词为“腭咽功能不全”“腭咽闭合不全”“腭咽不足”。
VPI最常与腭裂、黏膜下腭裂以及腺样体切除术后相关。耳鼻喉科医生可通过术前识别与VPI相关的体征来预防后者。感知评估是VPI诊断的标准。多视角视频荧光造影和软性鼻内镜检查提供了最佳的直接评估，以帮助规划和指导VPI的最佳治疗。
