Frey M A, Guthrie B, Loveland-Cherry C, Park P S, Foster C M
University of Michigan, School of Nursing, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 1997 Jan;20(1):38-45. doi: 10.1016/S1054-139X(96)00162-0.
To determine: (1) the frequency of risky behaviors (alcohol and other drug use, smoking cigarettes, smokeless tobacco use, and unprotected intercourse); (2) the perception of general risks and diabetes-related risks from risky behaviors; (3) if perception of risk is related to engaging in risky behaviors; and (4) if perception of general risks and diabetes-related risks are influenced by age, gender, or race in adolescents with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Decreasing risky behaviors in youth with IDDM is important because of their increased vulnerability to specific disease related physiologic and pathologic changes.
A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used. Data on risky behavior and perception of risk were obtained by self-report during a regularly scheduled clinic visit. One hundred and fifty-five adolescents between ages of 10-20 years participated. Correlational and student's t-test analyses were used to test relationships and group differences (age, race, gender).
Thirty-nine percent of the sample reported alcohol use, 34% reported smoking cigarettes, 8% reported smokeless tobacco use, 10% reported drug use, and 29% reported unprotected intercourse. Perception of risk to peers from these behaviors was significantly higher (t = 8.1, df 153; p < .001) than risk to self. Females reported significantly lower (t = 3.08, df 52; p < .002) risk to self than males. There was no difference in perception of risk between youth who reported participating in risky behaviors (N = 38%) and those who did not (62%). Not surprisingly, the frequency of risky behavior increased with age (F = 15.46; p < .001).
Compared to community samples of middle school children, our sample had lower rates for most risky behaviors. As with community samples, the physical risks were known and perceived to be higher for peers than self. Perception of risk was not related to self-reports of risky behaviors. The lower rate of risky behaviors might reflect the success of educational efforts directed toward diabetes management or may be due to later initiation of behaviors, especially if personal social development is delayed. Additional research is indicated in order to understand the timing and trajectory of risky behavior and whether or not perception of risk deters youth with IDDM from engaging in risky behavior.
确定：（1）危险行为（饮酒及使用其他药物、吸烟、使用无烟烟草和无保护性行为）的发生率；（2）对危险行为导致的一般风险和糖尿病相关风险的认知；（3）风险认知与从事危险行为之间是否有关联；以及（4）在胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（IDDM）青少年中，一般风险和糖尿病相关风险的认知是否受年龄、性别或种族的影响。降低IDDM青少年的危险行为很重要，因为他们更容易出现与特定疾病相关的生理和病理变化。
采用描述性横断面设计。在定期门诊就诊期间，通过自我报告获取危险行为和风险认知的数据。155名年龄在10至20岁之间的青少年参与了研究。使用相关性分析和学生t检验分析来检验关系和组间差异（年龄、种族、性别）。
39%的样本报告饮酒，34%报告吸烟，8%报告使用无烟烟草，10%报告使用药物，29%报告无保护性行为。对这些行为给同伴带来的风险的认知显著高于对自身风险的认知（t = 8.1，自由度153；p <.001）。女性报告的自身风险显著低于男性（t = 3.08，自由度52；p <.002）。报告参与危险行为的青少年（N = 38%）和未参与危险行为的青少年（62%）在风险认知上没有差异。不出所料，危险行为的发生率随年龄增长而增加（F = 15.46；p <.001）。
与中学儿童的社区样本相比，我们样本中的大多数危险行为发生率较低。与社区样本一样，人们知道身体风险，并且认为同伴面临的风险高于自身。风险认知与危险行为的自我报告无关。危险行为发生率较低可能反映了针对糖尿病管理的教育努力取得了成功，或者可能是由于行为开始较晚，特别是如果个人社会发展延迟的话。需要进行更多研究，以了解危险行为的时间和轨迹，以及风险认知是否能阻止IDDM青少年从事危险行为。
