New chemotherapy treatment options and implications for nursing care.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To review the drug profiles and nursing implications of Camptosar (irinotecan) (pharmacia & Upjohn, Inc., Kalamazoo, MI), Hycamtin (topotecan) (SmithKline Beecham Oncology,Philadelphia, PA), 9-aminocamptothecin TM (9-AC) (Pharmacia & Upjohn, Inc.), Taxotere (docetaxel) (Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Collegeville, PA), and Oncaspar (Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Pharmaceuticals).

DATA SOURCES

Published articles, abstracts, drug manufacturers, personal experience with clinical trials of these agents.

DATA SYNTHESIS

Camptosar's dose-limiting toxicity is diarrhea, which requires astute management. Hycamtin and 9-AC are severely myelosuppressive. Taxotere's use has been complicated by fluid retention and, to a lesser degree, hypersensitivity reactions. Oncaspar has the same toxicity profile as natural L-asparaginase with fewer hypersensitivity reactions.

CONCLUSIONS

Research in the field of oncology continues to progress toward the cure of cancer. Novel agents offer promising new treatment options and affect response rates and patient care. Oncology nurses are challenged to stay abreast of these new developments.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE

Nurses play a vital role in the assessment and management of treatment-related side effects. Patient education regarding anticipated side effects and appropriate self-care measures are essential nursing functions.