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[兽医实践中生物技术变革的经验]

[Experiences in the changes of biotechnology in veterinary practice].

作者信息

Görlach A

出版信息

Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 1996 Aug-Sep;103(8-9):312-5.

PMID:9011498
Abstract

The transmission of old methods and the transformation of new knowledge in to animal breeding practice has an cultural tradition lasting millenniums. Each epoch had its own strategy of solving problems because progress is independent of religions and ideologies, and therefore, it can not be hindered. In the past different biotechnologies have increased progress in animal breeding exponentially, and it can be supposed that the course of the exponential curve will not change in the foreseeable future. Anyone who intends to compete internationally is compelled to use the new technologies, wherever old methods can not longer compete. The transition to the new biotechnology especially in Germany, hits limitations an two levels: on the one hand, an exaggerated desire for safety that has created the German gene law and, on the other hand the animal breeding industry that can hardly afford the expensive biotechnology because of its economic condition. It seems advisable to revise both the gene law and the expense of the technology. Animal breeding research should foster simplification (make less expensive) of biotechnology, and politicians should ask weather it is necessary for the gene sector to migrate further abroad. In animal breeding, the gene transfer is practical (e.g., liposome mediated gene transfer via sperm cells) because of its low costs, and so it is absurd not to allow its use. In Germany, transgenic individuals have to bee discarded at the knackery, whereas in the Netherlands heifers derived from the bull HERMAN, that is transgenic for lactoferrin are allowed to calf (and produce milk). Currently, gene transfer is not a viable alternative because of the negative emotional impact of biotechnology. Only someone who uses this technique may be responsible for handling and creating it without having, therefore, to overstep ethical borders.

摘要

旧方法的传承以及新知识向动物育种实践的转化有着延续数千年的文化传统。每个时代都有其解决问题的策略,因为进步独立于宗教和意识形态,因此不会受到阻碍。过去,不同的生物技术极大地推动了动物育种的进步,可以推测在可预见的未来,指数曲线的走势不会改变。任何想要参与国际竞争的人,在旧方法不再具有竞争力的地方都不得不采用新技术。向新生物技术的转变,尤其是在德国,在两个层面遇到了限制:一方面,对安全性的过度追求催生了德国的基因法;另一方面,动物育种行业因其经济状况难以承受昂贵的生物技术。修订基因法和降低技术成本似乎是明智之举。动物育种研究应促使生物技术简化(降低成本),而政治家们应该思考基因领域是否有必要进一步向国外转移。在动物育种中,基因转移因其成本低而具有实用性(例如,通过精子细胞进行脂质体介导的基因转移),因此不允许使用是荒谬的。在德国,转基因个体必须在屠宰场被丢弃,而在荷兰,源自转基因乳铁蛋白公牛HERMAN的小母牛被允许产犊(并产奶)。目前,由于生物技术带来的负面情感影响,基因转移并非可行的选择。只有使用这项技术的人才能对其处理和创造负责,因此不必跨越道德界限。

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