Webber M M, Bello D, Quader S
Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1312, USA.
Prostate. 1997 Jan 1;30(1):58-64. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0045(19970101)30:1<58::aid-pros9>3.0.co;2-h.
This is Part 2 of a three-part review and deals with tumorigenic cell lines. Several immortalized and malignant adult human prostatic epithelial cell lines have been recently developed. The three most widely used carcinoma cell lines-DU-145, PC-3, and LNCaP-developed between 1977 and 1980, have greatly contributed to our current understanding of prostate cancer. Before a cell line can be accepted as having prostatic epithelial origin, some basic characteristics must be established. Expression of specific cytokeratins but absence of desmin and factor VIII should be first determined to establish epithelial origin. Responsiveness to androgens and expression of androgen receptor and prostate-specific antigen should be examined under stringent culture conditions to establish prostatic epithelial origin. Response to growth factors and expression of their receptors facilitates further characterization of cell behavior. Cell lines immortalized by human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are of special interest because HPVs are involved in a variety of anogenital cancers and may also play a role in prostate carcinogenesis. Malignant transformation of HPV-18 immortalized cells with the ras oncogene provides cell systems for investigating the multistep process of carcinogenesis. Each cell line has some unique characteristics, whether it arose directly from a carcinoma or resulted from immortalization with Simian virus 40 (SV40) or HPV, or was transformed in vitro by oncogenes. Comparisons of these characteristics should facilitate elucidation of the mechanisms involved in the initiation, promotion, and progression of prostate cancer. These cell lines will further serve as useful models for investigating tumor progression, invasion, metastasis, new therapeutic strategies, drug resistance, and its reversal and chemoprevention. The nontumorigenic cell lines were discussed in Part 1 [1]. This review summarizes the characteristics of several currently available tumorigenic, adult human prostatic epithelial cell lines.
这是一篇分三部分的综述的第二部分，涉及致瘤细胞系。最近已开发出几种永生化的恶性成人前列腺上皮细胞系。三种使用最广泛的癌细胞系——DU - 145、PC - 3和LNCaP——于1977年至1980年间建立，极大地促进了我们目前对前列腺癌的理解。在一个细胞系被认为具有前列腺上皮起源之前，必须确定一些基本特征。应首先确定特定细胞角蛋白的表达，但结蛋白和因子VIII的缺失，以确定上皮起源。在严格的培养条件下，应检测对雄激素的反应以及雄激素受体和前列腺特异性抗原的表达，以确定前列腺上皮起源。对生长因子的反应及其受体的表达有助于进一步表征细胞行为。人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）永生化的细胞系特别令人感兴趣，因为HPV与多种肛门生殖器癌有关，也可能在前列腺癌发生中起作用。用ras癌基因对HPV - 18永生化细胞进行恶性转化，为研究癌症发生的多步骤过程提供了细胞系统。每个细胞系都有一些独特的特征，无论它是直接源自癌组织，还是由猿猴病毒40（SV40）或HPV永生化产生，或是在体外被癌基因转化。对这些特征的比较应有助于阐明前列腺癌发生、发展和进展过程中涉及的机制。这些细胞系将进一步作为有用的模型，用于研究肿瘤进展、侵袭、转移、新的治疗策略、耐药性及其逆转和化学预防。非致瘤细胞系在第一部分[1]中已讨论。本综述总结了几种目前可用的致瘤性成人前列腺上皮细胞系的特征。
