Rojas L, Borgoño J M, Heras E, Ferrer X, Valero X, Miranda L, Lincoqueo T
Bull Pan Am Health Organ. 1977;11(2):125-30.
The bifurcated needle vaccination method used successfully against smallpox is a relatively simple technique that can be administered by personnel with only basic preparation and a minimum of training. This fact suggests that it could prove useful in campaigns of BCG vaccination against tuberculosis--especially for vaccination of newborns. With this end in mind, two studies were carried out in Santiago, Chile, to examine previously reported difficulties with the method and to assess its potential as an alternative to the best current method, that of intradermal inoculation. These studies indicated that previously reported variations in the results achieved by different vaccinators could be markedly reduced. However, they also found that the bifurcated needle method did not cause a sufficiently large dose of vaccine to enter the subject--even when fifteen needle strokes and a highly concentrated vaccine (160 mg per ml) were employed. It was thus concluded that although modification of the needle or other changes might ultimately yield satisfactory results, the bifurcated needle technique cannot yet be recommended for BCG vaccination of newborns.
成功用于天花疫苗接种的分叉针接种法是一种相对简单的技术，只需经过基本准备且接受最少培训的人员即可操作。这一事实表明，该方法可能在卡介苗预防结核病的接种运动中证明有用，尤其是用于新生儿接种。出于这一目的，在智利圣地亚哥进行了两项研究，以检验此前报道的该方法存在的问题，并评估其作为当前最佳方法（皮内接种法）替代方法的潜力。这些研究表明，此前报道的不同接种人员接种结果的差异可显著减少。然而，他们还发现，即使采用15次针划以及高浓度疫苗（每毫升160毫克），分叉针方法也无法使足够剂量的疫苗进入接种对象体内。因此得出结论，虽然对针头进行改进或其他改变最终可能产生满意结果，但目前仍不能推荐使用分叉针技术进行新生儿卡介苗接种。
