Identification and management of brain tumors.

Brain tumors occur commonly in small animals. The clinical history and physical examination findings can strongly suggest their presence. Specifically, an older dog with onset of seizures and behavioral changes, or an older cat with behavioural changes and weakness, should be further evaluated for the presence of a brain tumor. A thorough neurological examination should be performed to localize the lesion(s). Groups of neurological signs will suggest the tumor to be cerebral, cerebellar, or brainstem. Cerebral tumors without brainstem signs carry the best prognosis, especially for cats. Patients suspected of having brain tumors should be imaged with computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging. Initial medical therapy includes anticonvulsants and glucocorticosteroids. Cerebral tumors not located on the floor of the calvarium can be successfully excised. These and other tumors can also be treated with radiation therapy.