Witte E A, Villareal M, Marrocco R T
Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403, USA.
Behav Brain Res. 1996 Dec;82(1):103-12. doi: 10.1016/s0166-4328(97)81113-8.
The behavioral capacities of the rhesus monkey for several sensory and cognitive tasks appear quite similar to those of humans. To evaluate the monkey's attentional capacities, we have compared monkey and human performance on a visuospatial attentional task, the cued target detection (CTD) paradigm. Animals were trained to fixate a small spot of light while a cue and a subsequent target, are flashed in the visual periphery. In valid trials, the cue and target appeared in the same spatial location; in invalid trials, the cue and target appeared in the opposite location; in double trials, two cues were presented and the target appeared in one of their locations; in no-cue trials, the cue was omitted and the target appeared in one location. In addition, we varied cognitive control over the task initiation by making the trial onset either self-paced or computer-paced. Reaction times (RTs) to target presentation, response accuracy, and frequency of aborted trials were measured for all subjects. No significant species differences were found for the patterns of RTs for different trial types or for attentional dynamics, as indexed by the decreases in RT with increasing cue-target interval. However, humans and non-human primates reacted differently to changes in cognitive control. Humans shows significant increases in no-cue trial RTs in the auto-paced task compared to the self-paced, but no differences in overall RT between tasks; monkeys showed a significant faster overall RT for the self-paced than the computer-paced task, but no difference between no-cue RTs. The performance differences between species may be related to the training history of the animals or to known anatomical differences in cortical organization, especially in the parietal lobe.
恒河猴在多项感觉和认知任务中的行为能力似乎与人类非常相似。为了评估猴子的注意力能力，我们比较了猴子和人类在视觉空间注意力任务——线索化目标检测（CTD）范式中的表现。训练动物在视觉周边区域闪烁线索和随后的目标时注视一个小亮点。在有效试验中，线索和目标出现在相同的空间位置；在无效试验中，线索和目标出现在相反的位置；在双重试验中，呈现两个线索，目标出现在其中一个位置；在无线索试验中，省略线索，目标出现在一个位置。此外，我们通过使试验开始为自定节奏或计算机节奏来改变对任务启动的认知控制。测量了所有受试者对目标呈现的反应时间（RTs）、反应准确性和中止试验的频率。对于不同试验类型的RTs模式或注意力动态，未发现显著的物种差异，注意力动态以RT随线索-目标间隔增加而减少为指标。然而，人类和非人类灵长类动物对认知控制变化的反应不同。与自定节奏任务相比，人类在自定节奏任务中的无线索试验RTs显著增加，但任务之间的总体RT没有差异；猴子在自定节奏任务中的总体RT比计算机节奏任务显著更快，但无线索RTs之间没有差异。物种之间的表现差异可能与动物的训练历史或已知的皮质组织解剖差异有关，尤其是在顶叶。
