Walter J S, Wheeler J S, Cai W, Wurster R D
Rehabilitation Research and Development Center, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL 60141, USA.
J Rehabil Res Dev. 1997 Jan;34(1):72-81.
To determine the efficacy of a new electrode for direct bladder stimulation, five male cats were instrumented during anesthesia. Multistranded, 316LVM, stainless-steel, wire electrodes were implanted on the bladder wall serosa above the trigone area. The electrodes were made with a needle attached to the end that was cut off after suturing the electrode in place. Additional instrumentation included tubes for pressure recording and filling, and hook electrodes for leg and pelvic floor EMG recording. Bladder filling and stimulation studies were conducted in tethered animals 1 to 2 weeks following recovery. Chronic studies were conducted following recovery in tethered animals. To test these electrodes in a spinal cord injury (SCI) model, a T-1 level complete lesion was performed on the above instrumented animals. Spinal animals had successful direct bladder stimulation that induced active contractions and voiding both before and after SCI, but voiding rates were higher more than 2 weeks after SCI and at larger initial bladder volumes. Optimum stimulation parameters consisted of 40 pulses per second, 300 microseconds to 1 ms pulse duration, a stimulation period of 3 to 4 s, and 10 to 40 mA. Urethral resistance, indicated by a urethral function measure, showed that stimulation had no adverse effect on urethral function, and fluoroscopy showed an open membranous urethra during stimulation and voiding. The cat has a small penile urethra that is the flow rate controlling zone. The suture electrode did not corrode, erode into the bladder, or become dislodged, and appears suitable for chronic implantation.
为了确定一种用于直接膀胱刺激的新型电极的功效，在麻醉期间对五只雄性猫进行了仪器植入。将多股316LVM不锈钢丝电极植入三角区上方的膀胱壁浆膜上。电极末端连接有一根针，在将电极缝合到位后将针切断。额外的仪器设备包括用于压力记录和充盈的导管，以及用于腿部和盆底肌电图记录的钩状电极。在动物恢复后1至2周，对束缚状态的动物进行膀胱充盈和刺激研究。在束缚状态的动物恢复后进行慢性研究。为了在脊髓损伤（SCI）模型中测试这些电极，对上述仪器植入的动物进行了T-1水平的完全损伤。脊髓损伤的动物在SCI前后均成功进行了直接膀胱刺激，可诱发主动收缩和排尿，但SCI后2周以上且初始膀胱容量较大时排尿率更高。最佳刺激参数包括每秒40个脉冲、脉冲持续时间为300微秒至1毫秒、刺激期为3至4秒以及10至40毫安。通过尿道功能测量指标表示的尿道阻力表明，刺激对尿道功能没有不良影响，并且荧光透视显示在刺激和排尿期间膜性尿道开放。猫的阴茎尿道较小，是流速控制区。缝合电极没有腐蚀、侵蚀到膀胱中或移位，似乎适合长期植入。
