Verschueren K, Marcoen A, Schoefs V
University of Louvain, Belgium.
Child Dev. 1996 Oct;67(5):2493-511.
The present studies examine some of the correlates of the self in the lives of young children. In Study 1, the connection is tested between young children's internal working model of self and their competence, social acceptance, behavioral adjustment, and behavioral manifestations of self-esteem. Ninety-five kindergartners aged between 51 and 76 months (Mage = 5 years, 3 months) participated in the study. An adapted version of the Puppet Interview was used to assess the representation of self. Affective quality (positiveness) of self and openness to admit imperfections were rated independently. Results show significant and positive relations of the positiveness of self with competence and social acceptance, with behavioral adjustment to school, and with behavioral manifestations of self-esteem, all rated by the teacher. In Study 2, Bowlby's assumption was tested that the working model of self is closely intertwined with the working model of attachment to mother. Subjects were 50 children aged between 55 months and 75 months (Mage = 5 years, 5 months). The working model of child-mother attachment was assessed through an Attachment Story Completion Task. The working model of self was measured via the Puppet Interview. Results show a positive and strong connection between the security of the child-mother attachment representation and the positiveness of self. The results of the two studies contribute to the validation of the adapted Puppet Interview. The Puppet Interview seems to be a promising instrument for assessing the representation of self in young children.
本研究探讨了幼儿生活中自我的一些相关因素。在研究1中，检验了幼儿自我的内部工作模型与其能力、社会接纳度、行为调节以及自尊的行为表现之间的联系。95名年龄在51至76个月之间（平均年龄 = 5岁3个月）的幼儿园儿童参与了该研究。使用了改编版的木偶访谈来评估自我表征。对自我的情感质量（积极性）和承认不完美的开放性进行了独立评分。结果显示，教师评定的自我积极性与能力、社会接纳度、对学校的行为调节以及自尊的行为表现之间存在显著的正相关关系。在研究2中，检验了鲍尔比的假设，即自我的工作模型与对母亲的依恋工作模型紧密相连。研究对象为50名年龄在55个月至75个月之间（平均年龄 = 5岁5个月）的儿童。通过依恋故事完成任务评估儿童与母亲的依恋工作模型。通过木偶访谈测量自我工作模型。结果显示，儿童与母亲依恋表征的安全性与自我积极性之间存在积极且强烈的联系。两项研究的结果有助于验证改编后的木偶访谈。木偶访谈似乎是评估幼儿自我表征的一种有前景的工具。
