Chambers M A, Marshall B G, Wangoo A, Bune A, Cook H T, Shaw R J, Young D B
Department of Medical Microbiology, Imperial College School of Medicine at St. Mary's, London, United Kingdom.
J Immunol. 1997 Feb 15;158(4):1742-8.
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination has been shown to protect against challenge with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a range of experimental animal models: in each case, protective efficacy requires vaccination with live bacteria. With the goal of moving to a new generation of safer, nonliving vaccines, efforts have been made to identify the factors that determine the efficacy of live vaccination. We show that injection of live, but not dead, BCG induces localized swelling in the mouse footpad model. Live and dead bacteria induce similar responses during the first week after vaccination as determined by immunohistochemical analysis of the site of injection and of the draining lymph node. The subsequent differential response is characterized by migration of acid-fast bacilli to the draining lymph node in the case of the live vaccine. This is accompanied by an increase in mononuclear cells in the lymph node and by expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) both in the lymph node and at the site of injection. The ability of the bacteria to migrate to the lymph node may be an important element in the efficacy of live BCG vaccination.
卡介苗（BCG）接种已被证明在一系列实验动物模型中可抵御强毒力结核分枝杆菌的攻击：在每种情况下，保护效力都需要用活细菌进行接种。为了研发新一代更安全的非活性疫苗，人们已努力确定决定活疫苗接种效力的因素。我们发现，在小鼠足垫模型中，注射活卡介苗而非死卡介苗会引起局部肿胀。通过对注射部位和引流淋巴结进行免疫组织化学分析可知，活细菌和死细菌在接种后的第一周会引发相似的反应。随后的差异反应表现为，对于活疫苗，抗酸杆菌会迁移至引流淋巴结。这伴随着淋巴结中单核细胞的增加以及淋巴结和注射部位诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）的表达。细菌迁移至淋巴结的能力可能是活卡介苗接种效力的一个重要因素。
