Hofstetter A, Staehler G
Fortschr Med. 1977 Jul 21;95(27):1715-20.
Tumors of the bladder are second in frequency of all genito-urinary neoplasms. Because of their malignancy, the difficulties of early recognition and the advanced age of the patients they constitute one of the most difficult urologic problem. The most important medical check up is the demonstration of erythrocytes and malignant cells in the urine. The former can be easy established by the Sangur-test, the latter must be diagnosed by specialists.
膀胱肿瘤在所有泌尿生殖系统肿瘤中发病率位居第二。由于其恶性程度、早期识别的困难以及患者的高龄，它们构成了最棘手的泌尿外科问题之一。最重要的医学检查是尿液中红细胞和恶性细胞的检测。前者可通过桑古尔试验轻松确定，后者必须由专科医生诊断。
