Burley S K, Xie X, Clark K L, Shu F
Laboratories of Molecular Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 1997 Feb;7(1):94-102. doi: 10.1016/s0959-440x(97)80012-7.
Histone proteins have long been recognized as important regulators of eukaryotic gene expression. Condensation of DNA into chromatin by the core (H2A, H2B, H3, H4) and linker (H1, H5) histones effectively represses transcription initiation from the promoters of genes that have been packaged. Recently, eukaryotic transcriptional activators and coactivators (both positive and negative) resembling core and linker histone proteins have been discovered. Substantial progress has been made on structural and mechanistic studies of histones and histone-like transcription factors. Three-dimensional structures solved include the core histone octamer, an archael histone homodimer, two core histone-like subunits of transcription factor IID, a linker histone, and a linker histone-like transcriptional activator.
长期以来，组蛋白一直被认为是真核基因表达的重要调节因子。核心组蛋白（H2A、H2B、H3、H4）和连接组蛋白（H1、H5）将DNA凝聚成染色质，有效地抑制了已被包装基因启动子处的转录起始。最近，发现了类似于核心组蛋白和连接组蛋白的真核转录激活因子和共激活因子（包括正性和负性）。在组蛋白和类组蛋白转录因子的结构和机制研究方面取得了重大进展。已解析的三维结构包括核心组蛋白八聚体、古细菌组蛋白同型二聚体、转录因子IID的两个核心类组蛋白亚基、一个连接组蛋白和一个类连接组蛋白转录激活因子。
