Mejía R, Sarto A
Programa de Medicina Interna General, Hospital de Clinicas José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Medicina (B Aires). 1996;56(3):308-12.
Preeclampsia is a disease which appears only during pregnancy. It is highly widespread, and in the underdeveloped countries is the leading cause of maternal mortality. Nowadays it is considered a disease originated in the activation of the vascular endothelium triggered by placental ischemia. The latter is produced by a defect in the trophoblastic invasion of the spiral arteries of the uterus. Genetic, immunologic and biochemical causes have been postulated in the attempt to explain this defect in the trophoblastic implant, but whatever the cause, the endothelial activation produces several chemical mediators affecting the function of all organs, and then generating preeclampsia related syndromes. The prevention of this disease occupies a special place in research and there are numerous trials with aspirin and calcium being developed at the moment.
子痫前期是一种仅在孕期出现的疾病。它极为普遍，在欠发达国家是孕产妇死亡的主要原因。如今，它被认为是一种由胎盘缺血引发的血管内皮激活所导致的疾病。后者是由子宫螺旋动脉滋养层侵入缺陷所致。人们推测了遗传、免疫和生化原因，试图解释滋养层植入的这种缺陷，但无论原因是什么，内皮激活都会产生几种影响所有器官功能的化学介质，进而引发子痫前期相关综合征。这种疾病的预防在研究中占据特殊地位，目前正在开展大量使用阿司匹林和钙的试验。
