Challamel M J
INSERM U52, service consultations-explorations neurologiques, Centre hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre-Bénite.
Rev Prat. 1996 Dec 15;46(20):2448-52.
Parasomnias are classified as dysfunctions associated with sleep, sleep stages, or partial arousals from sleep. The main part of this article is devoted to the parasomnias which occur in slow wave sleep and correspond to a partial arousal during this state, that is: night terrors, confusional arousals and somnambulism. The diagnosis of parasomnias is done on a very precise description of the behavior and on its time of occurrence during the night, the notion of a familial history of parasomnias is also important. Management depends on the age, the frequency of the episodes and the presence or not of a family disruption. Most parasomnias are precipitated by stress, and in the younger subjects by an interaction between ontogenetic characteristics of sleep and immaturity. In the older patients psychological or organic factors must be eliminated.
异态睡眠被归类为与睡眠、睡眠阶段或睡眠中部分觉醒相关的功能障碍。本文主要讨论发生在慢波睡眠期间且与该状态下的部分觉醒相对应的异态睡眠，即：夜惊、混乱觉醒和梦游。异态睡眠的诊断基于对行为的非常精确的描述及其在夜间发生的时间，异态睡眠家族史的概念也很重要。治疗取决于年龄、发作频率以及是否存在家庭干扰。大多数异态睡眠是由压力引发的，在较年轻的个体中则是由睡眠的个体发育特征与不成熟之间的相互作用所致。在老年患者中，必须排除心理或器质性因素。
