Bjorvatn Bjørn, Grønli Janne, Pallesen Ståle
Institutt for samfunnsmedisinske fag, Universitetet i Bergen, Postboks 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2009 Sep 24;129(18):1892-4. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.08.0380.
Parasomnias are undesirable experiences or motoric phenomena that occur in association with sleep. We have described characteristics of parasomnia subtypes.
This review is based on the authors' research and clinical experience, and articles identified by non-systematic searches of Pubmed.
Parasomnias are categorized into disorders of arousal (non-REM sleep parasomnias), e.g. sleepwalking, sleep terrors and confusional arousals, parasomnias associated with REM sleep, e.g. nightmare disorder, REM sleep behaviour disorder and recurrent isolated sleep paralysis, and other parasomnias, e.g. sleep-related groaning, exploding head syndrome, sleep-related hallucinations and sleep-related eating disorder. Prevalences for the subtypes vary.
Most parasomnias are especially common in children. Drug treatment is seldom necessary, but may be indicated in severe cases.
异态睡眠是与睡眠相关的不良体验或运动现象。我们已经描述了异态睡眠亚型的特征。
本综述基于作者的研究和临床经验，以及通过对PubMed进行非系统检索所确定的文章。
异态睡眠分为觉醒障碍（非快速眼动睡眠异态睡眠），如梦游、夜惊和混乱觉醒；与快速眼动睡眠相关的异态睡眠，如梦魇障碍、快速眼动睡眠行为障碍和反复孤立性睡眠麻痹；以及其他异态睡眠，如睡眠相关呻吟、爆炸头综合征、睡眠相关幻觉和睡眠相关进食障碍。各亚型的患病率有所不同。
大多数异态睡眠在儿童中尤为常见。药物治疗很少有必要，但在严重病例中可能需要。
