Demoly P, Jaffuel D, Bousquet J, Godard P, Michel F B
Service des Maladies Respiratoires, Hôpital Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, Montpellier.
Rev Mal Respir. 1996 Dec;13(6):547-53.
Asthma is regarded as a disease with a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Since the end of the 1970s and during the 80s the world has seen an increase in the prevalence, morbidity and mortality linked to asthma. The rapidity of progress of this phenomenon means that it cannot be explained only by modification of genetic factors and stresses the preponderance of exogenous factors. The purpose of this review is to examine the epidemiological knowledge of these environmental factors and of the genetic factors in asthma in order to underline how these genetic and exogenous factors interact and modulate the occurrence of the asthmatic disease. In the first part of this general review we discussed the epidemiology of asthma in terms of prevalence, incidence, mortality, cost and socio-professional and scholastic repercussions and underlined for each environmental factor its causal role and/or exacerbation in asthma as well as its contribution in the increased prevalence and severity of asthma. In the second part of this general view we touch on the epidemiological knowledge of the genetics of asthma and of atopy.
哮喘被认为是一种遗传因素与环境因素复杂相互作用的疾病。自20世纪70年代末至80年代，全球与哮喘相关的患病率、发病率和死亡率均有所上升。这一现象发展迅速，意味着其不能仅用遗传因素的改变来解释，凸显了外源性因素的主导作用。本综述的目的是审视这些环境因素和哮喘遗传因素的流行病学知识，以强调这些遗传因素和外源性因素如何相互作用并调节哮喘疾病的发生。在这篇综述的第一部分，我们从患病率、发病率、死亡率、成本以及社会职业和学业影响方面讨论了哮喘的流行病学，并针对每种环境因素强调了其在哮喘中的因果作用和/或加重作用，以及其对哮喘患病率和严重程度增加的影响。在本综述的第二部分，我们探讨了哮喘遗传学和特应性的流行病学知识。
