Kim E K, Song T B
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chosun University Medical School, Kwangju, Korea.
J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 1996 Dec;22(6):569-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.1996.tb01072.x.
To evaluate the incidence, associated anomalies, and the type of congenital urinary tract anomaly and to know the cause of congenital hydronephrosis.
In 4.5 years, 5,442 fetuses had ultrasonography and 48 cases of fetal urinary tract anomaly were detected. Ultrasonogram was done after delivery with further examination as necessary.
The incidence of all types of anomaly was 4.3% (236/5,442) and the incidence of urinary tract anomaly was 0.9% (48/5,442, 8.8/1,000 births) of all babies born and 20.3% (48/236) of entire anomaly. Types of urinary tract anomaly were as follows; hydronephrosis (37 cases), multicystic dysplastic kidney (5 cases), polycystic kidney disease (2 cases), renal agenesis (2 cases), ectopic kidney (1 case) and hypoplastic kidney (1 case). Associated anomalies were found in 8 cases (16.7%) among 48. Causes of hydronephrosis were ureteropelvic obstruction in 13 cases, ureterovesical obstruction in 4 cases, vesicoureteral reflux in 2 cases, proximal ureteral obstruction in 2 cases, and no specific causes in 16 cases.
Antenatal ultrasonography is a very useful diagnostic tool in the detection of urinary tract anomaly and a careful search for other anomalies is indicated when urinary tract anomaly is found.
评估先天性泌尿系统异常的发病率、相关畸形、类型，并了解先天性肾积水的病因。
在4.5年的时间里，对5442例胎儿进行了超声检查，检测出48例胎儿泌尿系统异常。产后进行超声检查，并根据需要进一步检查。
所有类型异常的发病率为4.3%（236/5442），泌尿系统异常的发病率为所有出生婴儿的0.9%（48/5442，8.8/1000例出生），占全部异常的20.3%（48/236）。泌尿系统异常类型如下：肾积水（37例）、多囊性发育不良肾（5例）、多囊肾病（2例）、肾缺如（2例）、异位肾（1例）和发育不全肾（1例）。48例中有8例（16.7%）发现相关畸形。肾积水的病因：输尿管肾盂梗阻13例，输尿管膀胱梗阻4例，膀胱输尿管反流2例，输尿管近端梗阻2例，16例无明确病因。
产前超声检查是检测泌尿系统异常的非常有用的诊断工具，当发现泌尿系统异常时，应仔细查找其他畸形。
