Enns J T, Shore D I
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Percept Psychophys. 1997 Jan;59(1):23-31. doi: 10.3758/bf03206844.
Studies of the inverted-face effect typically use photos as stimuli. Inverting photos not only misorients the face but also reverses important shading and shadow cues. We decoupled the influence of spatial orientation and the direction of lighting in three experiments and found that the relation between these factors varied with the task given to observers. When the task required identification of faces (Experiments 1 and 3), the factors were additive, consistent with a strategy of mental rotation of the face prior to an interpretation of the shading cues. When faces were assigned to coarse categories (Experiments 2 and 3), these factors interacted, consistent with a more piecemeal approach to face processing. We propose that the identification of a specific individual depends on configurational information, which is preserved if the image of an inverted face is mentally rotated before the identification process is begun.
倒置面孔效应的研究通常使用照片作为刺激物。倒置照片不仅会使面孔的方向错误，还会颠倒重要的明暗和阴影线索。我们在三个实验中分离了空间方向和光照方向的影响，发现这些因素之间的关系会随着给予观察者的任务而变化。当任务要求识别面孔时（实验1和3），这些因素是相加的，这与在对面孔明暗线索进行解释之前对面孔进行心理旋转的策略一致。当对面孔进行粗略分类时（实验2和3），这些因素相互作用，这与对面孔进行更零碎的加工方法一致。我们提出，识别特定个体取决于构型信息，如果在识别过程开始之前对面孔倒置的图像进行心理旋转，那么该构型信息会得以保留。
