Schwarzacher T
John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK.
Symp Soc Exp Biol. 1996;50:71-5.
Molecular cytogenetics combines molecular information of DNA sequences with their chromosomal organization. Genomic in situ hybridization using total genomic DNA as a probe is proving particularly useful to paint chromosomes originating from different genomes in hybrids, alloploid species and alien plant breeding lines. Both the numbers and morphologies of alien chromosomes or chromosome segments can be detected at metaphase and interphase. The method also gives considerable information about species relationships and the distribution of common or diverse DNA sequences between closely related species. Painted chromosomes can be followed through all stages of the cell cycle of somatic and meiotic division, providing new information about chromosome behaviour and pairing at meiosis. In situ hybridization with defined probes enables the physical location of particular DNA sequences to be examined along chromosomes and the analysis of the long range organization of specific chromosome regions. The generation of an integrated genetical, physical and functional map will be useful for the understanding of the organization and structure of the cereal genome.
分子细胞遗传学将DNA序列的分子信息与其染色体组织相结合。以总基因组DNA为探针的基因组原位杂交已证明在描绘杂种、异源多倍体物种和外源植物育种系中源自不同基因组的染色体方面特别有用。在外源染色体或染色体片段的中期和间期都可以检测到其数量和形态。该方法还提供了关于物种关系以及近缘物种之间共同或不同DNA序列分布的大量信息。可以在体细胞和减数分裂的细胞周期的所有阶段追踪涂染的染色体，从而提供关于减数分裂时染色体行为和配对的新信息。与特定探针的原位杂交能够沿着染色体检查特定DNA序列的物理位置，并分析特定染色体区域的长程组织。生成综合的遗传、物理和功能图谱将有助于理解谷物基因组的组织和结构。
