Sanes J R
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8108, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1997 Feb;7(1):93-100. doi: 10.1016/s0959-4388(97)80126-2.
As neuromuscular junctions form in vertebrate skeletal muscle, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) become concentrated in the postsynaptic membrane. The nerve directs this redistribution, using multiple signals to regulate AChRs at both transcriptional and post-translational levels. Recent studies in vitro have led to the identification of candidate nerve-derived signaling molecules (such as agrin, ARIA/neuregulin, and calcitonin gene-related peptide) and components of their intramuscular signaling pathways (including dystroglycan, MuSK, erbB kinases, utrophin, and rapsyn). Studies of knock-out mice are now making it possible to test which signals and pathways are responsible for postsynaptic differentiation in vivo.
在脊椎动物骨骼肌中形成神经肌肉接头时，烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体（AChRs）会在突触后膜上聚集。神经通过多种信号在转录和翻译后水平调控AChRs，从而引导这种重新分布。最近的体外研究已鉴定出候选的神经源性信号分子（如聚集蛋白、ARIA/神经调节蛋白和降钙素基因相关肽）及其肌内信号通路的成分（包括肌营养不良聚糖、肌肉特异性激酶、erbB激酶、抗肌萎缩蛋白和rapsyn）。对基因敲除小鼠的研究现在使得测试哪些信号和通路在体内负责突触后分化成为可能。
