Reina C, Basso S, Perino A, Guarneri M P, Russo G, Brunelli V, Chiumello G
Clinica Pediatrica III, Università degli Studi, Istituto Scientifico S. Raffaele di Milano, Italia.
Pediatr Med Chir. 1996 Sep-Oct;18(5 Suppl):9-13.
The male adolescent may present several endocrinological problems, the most frequent of which is the retardation or absence of puberty due to constitutional delay of growth and development. This form does not require therapy and must be distinguished from other forms of hypogonadism (primitive or secondary) by endocrine tests (LHRH test, nightly pulses LH secretion, plasmatic basal level of testosterone and after HCG, cerebral NMR). Hypogonadism treatment consists of replacement therapy with testosterone or testes stimulation with HCG or LHRH. Another frequent disease is gynecomastia, usually due to physiological enlargement of mammary gland during pubertal development, sometimes it may be secondary to hypogonadism, tumors, liver function abnormalities. Severe or psychologically disturbing gynecomastia can be corrected by reductive mammoplasty. Very often, adolescents may present diseases related to incorrect food habits. Obesity is common and anorexia is becoming an important problem also in males.
男性青少年可能会出现一些内分泌问题，其中最常见的是由于生长发育体质性延迟导致青春期发育迟缓或缺失。这种情况无需治疗，必须通过内分泌检查（促黄体生成素释放激素试验、夜间促黄体生成素分泌脉冲、睾酮血浆基础水平及人绒毛膜促性腺激素刺激后水平、脑部核磁共振成像）与其他形式的性腺功能减退（原发性或继发性）相鉴别。性腺功能减退的治疗包括用睾酮进行替代治疗或用人绒毛膜促性腺激素或促黄体生成素释放激素刺激睾丸。另一种常见疾病是男性乳房发育症，通常是由于青春期发育期间乳腺生理性增大所致，有时可能继发于性腺功能减退、肿瘤、肝功能异常。严重的或造成心理困扰的男性乳房发育症可通过乳房缩小整形术矫正。青少年常常会出现与不良饮食习惯相关的疾病。肥胖很常见，厌食在男性中也正成为一个重要问题。
