Gelmann E P
Department of Medicine and Cell Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
Semin Oncol. 1997 Feb;24(1 Suppl 1):S1-65-S1-70.
Tamoxifen has been used most commonly to treat breast and endometrial cancer, two malignancies in which the antiestrogenic properties of tamoxifen have substantial therapeutic benefit. However, tamoxifen has been used in the treatment of other cancers as well, some in which an antiestrogen may be effective, but others in which estrogen receptor is not expressed. In estrogen receptor-negative cancers, tamoxifen has been shown to have therapeutic activity at doses approximately fourfold to eightfold above those used for estrogen receptor inhibition. It is thought that the primary mechanism of tamoxifen in estrogen-negative tumors is inhibition of protein kinase C. Clinical trials of tamoxifen in ovarian cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, desmoid tumors, malignant glioma, pancreatic carcinoma, melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma are reviewed.
他莫昔芬最常用于治疗乳腺癌和子宫内膜癌，在这两种恶性肿瘤中，他莫昔芬的抗雌激素特性具有显著的治疗益处。然而，他莫昔芬也被用于治疗其他癌症，其中一些癌症抗雌激素可能有效，但另一些癌症中雌激素受体并不表达。在雌激素受体阴性的癌症中，已表明他莫昔芬在高于用于抑制雌激素受体剂量约四倍至八倍的剂量下具有治疗活性。据认为，他莫昔芬在雌激素阴性肿瘤中的主要作用机制是抑制蛋白激酶C。本文综述了他莫昔芬在卵巢癌、肝细胞癌、硬纤维瘤、恶性胶质瘤、胰腺癌、黑色素瘤和肾细胞癌中的临床试验。
