Kanellis M J, Logan H L, Jakobsen J
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
Pediatr Dent. 1997 Jan-Feb;19(1):56-60.
Several studies have shown that a significant number of parents whose children have baby bottle tooth decay (BBTD) admit prior knowledge regarding the harmful effects of putting their children to bed with a bottle. The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion (ELM) offers a theoretical framework for better understanding why knowledge and attitude are often not predictive of behavior. The goal of this study was to use the ELM to analyze the manner in which information about BBTD is evaluated. One hundred twenty low-income women (either pregnant or with a child younger than 7 months of age) at a WIC clinic were randomly assigned to three groups: 1) 5-min audiotaped persuasive message about BBTD; 2) same audiotaped message with overheard audience response affirming the message; and 3) no intervention control group. Knowledge and attitudes about BBTD were measured before and after the experimental intervention. Participants hearing the audiotaped message also were asked to rate the expertise of the messenger and the quality of the message. Both groups hearing a taped message about BBTD showed a significant positive change in attitude and knowledge when compared with the control group (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between the attitude and knowledge of those who heard an audiotaped message accompanied by an audience response compared with those who heard the audiotaped message alone. No significant difference between the ratings of message quality or messenger expertise by group was found. It was concluded that the participants in this study processed the BBTD message primarily through the central route, that is, by careful evaluation of the issue-relevant information contained in the persuasive message.
多项研究表明，相当数量孩子患有奶瓶龋（BBTD）的家长承认，他们事先就知道让孩子含着奶瓶睡觉的有害影响。说服 elaboration likelihood 模型（ELM）提供了一个理论框架，有助于更好地理解为什么知识和态度往往不能预测行为。本研究的目的是使用 ELM 来分析关于 BBTD 的信息是如何被评估的。在一家妇女、婴儿和儿童营养补充计划（WIC）诊所，120 名低收入女性（要么怀孕，要么孩子年龄小于 7 个月）被随机分为三组：1）一段关于 BBTD 的 5 分钟录音说服性信息；2）相同的录音信息，并伴有偷听来的听众肯定该信息的回应；3）无干预对照组。在实验干预前后测量了对 BBTD 的知识和态度。听到录音信息的参与者还被要求对传达者的专业程度和信息质量进行评分。与对照组相比，听到关于 BBTD 录音信息的两组在态度和知识方面都有显著的积极变化（P < 0.05）。与只听到录音信息的人相比，听到伴有听众回应的录音信息的人的态度和知识之间没有显著差异。各组在信息质量评分或传达者专业程度评分方面没有发现显著差异。研究得出结论，本研究中的参与者主要通过中心路径处理 BBTD 信息，即通过仔细评估说服性信息中包含的与问题相关的信息。
