Cohen T D, Preminger G M
Comprehensive Kidney Stone Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Urol Clin North Am. 1997 Feb;24(1):81-96. doi: 10.1016/s0094-0143(05)70356-6.
Management of calyceal calculi has changed dramatically during the past 20 years. Minimally invasive techniques virtually have replaced open surgical stone removal. Even large and complex calyceal calculi may be treated effectively with these minimally invasive techniques. Although open surgical stone removal is performed infrequently, a clear understanding of the subtle renal anatomy aids the urologist in more effectively treating patients with calyceal calculi and in limiting surgical complications.
在过去20年里，肾盏结石的治疗方法发生了巨大变化。微创技术几乎已经取代了开放性手术取石。即使是大的和复杂的肾盏结石，也可以通过这些微创技术得到有效治疗。虽然开放性手术取石很少进行，但清楚了解细微的肾脏解剖结构有助于泌尿外科医生更有效地治疗肾盏结石患者并减少手术并发症。
