Erber J T, Caiola M A, Williams M, Prager I G
Florida International University, Department of Psychology, Miami 33199, USA.
Exp Aging Res. 1997 Jan-Mar;23(1):1-12. doi: 10.1080/03610739708254023.
Participants (i.e., perceivers) unscrambled either memory-related phrases (experimental group) or memory-neutral phrases (control group). Then perceivers read a vignette about a forgetful young, middle-aged, or old target person, after which they rated (a) the target's forgetfulness and (b) how difficult each of 12 tasks (4 low, 4 medium, and 4 high in memory load) would be for the target. High-memory-load tasks were rated as more difficult by perceivers in the experimental group than by perceivers in the control group. Thus, implicit priming of a forgetfulness schema resulted in harsher judgments about how difficult high-memory-load tasks would be for forgetful targets. However, this priming effect was no stronger for old than for young or middle-aged targets.
参与者（即感知者）对与记忆相关的短语（实验组）或与记忆无关的短语（对照组）进行解扰。然后，感知者阅读一篇关于一个健忘的年轻人、中年人或老年人目标人物的短文，之后他们对（a）目标人物的健忘程度以及（b）12项任务（4项低记忆负荷、4项中等记忆负荷和4项高记忆负荷）对目标人物来说的难度进行评分。实验组的感知者比对照组的感知者认为高记忆负荷任务更难。因此，健忘图式的内隐启动导致对健忘目标完成高记忆负荷任务的难度做出更严厉的判断。然而，这种启动效应在老年人身上并不比年轻人或中年人更强。
