Sangster N
Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Parasitology. 1996;113 Suppl:S201-16. doi: 10.1017/s0031182000077982.
Anthelmintic resistance has compromised the control of nematode parasites in several animal-based industries. Studies of resistance have not only improved our understanding of this phenomenon but also shed light on physiological systems of parasitic helminths. In addition, research on molecular aspects of anthelmintic resistance may provide selectable markers for use in future transfection studies with helminths. Several anthelmintics act on helminth neuromuscular systems. Drugs such as levamisole are cholinergic agonists and, based on pharmacological studies, levamisole-resistant nematodes appear to have altered acetylcholine receptors. It is likely that anticholinesterase anthelmintics share cross resistance with levamisole. Ivermectin appears to be a glutamate agonist. In vitro studies of ivermectin-resistant nematodes suggest that IVM receptors are located on pharyngeal and somatic muscle. The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans may provide a model for anthelmintic resistance. It has been useful in cloning drug receptors from parasites but differences between its life history and habitat compared with parasitic nematodes may limit its usefulness for studying resistance in these parasites.
抗蠕虫药耐药性已对多个畜牧业中对线虫寄生虫的控制造成了不利影响。对抗药性的研究不仅增进了我们对这一现象的理解，还为寄生蠕虫的生理系统提供了线索。此外，对抗蠕虫药耐药性分子层面的研究可能为未来蠕虫转染研究提供可供选择的标记。几种抗蠕虫药作用于蠕虫的神经肌肉系统。诸如左旋咪唑之类的药物是胆碱能激动剂，基于药理学研究，对左旋咪唑耐药的线虫似乎其乙酰胆碱受体发生了改变。抗胆碱酯酶抗蠕虫药很可能与左旋咪唑存在交叉耐药性。伊维菌素似乎是一种谷氨酸激动剂。对伊维菌素耐药线虫的体外研究表明，伊维菌素受体位于咽部和体肌上。自由生活的线虫秀丽隐杆线虫可能为抗蠕虫药耐药性提供一个模型。它在从寄生虫中克隆药物受体方面很有用，但与寄生线虫相比，其生活史和栖息地的差异可能会限制其在研究这些寄生虫耐药性方面的用途。
