Molecular cloning of a functional murine arginine-specific mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase and its expression in lymphoid cells.

A protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase (ADPRT), anchored in the cell membrane as a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell-surface enzyme, was recently described on murine cytotoxic T cells (CTL). Expression of this enzyme was shown to exert regulatory functions on CTL proliferation and cytotoxic activity, presumably by modulating activity of the protein tyrosine kinase p56(lck), which is associated with the CTL co-receptor CD8. Here we report on the molecular cloning and expression of this important regulatory enzyme. The ADPRT coding sequence was derived by making use of ADPRT sequence homologies from different vertebrate species. A cDNA fragment of the enzyme coding sequence was generated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from murine T-cell lymphoma SL12, which expresses the cell-surface ADPRT. The cDNA fragment was found to share extensive homology with the corresponding sequences of human and rabbit muscle ADPRT. In Northern blot hybridization, this cDNA fragment generates a strong hybridization signal with RNA from murine heart and skeletal muscle. Weak signals are seen with SL12, thymus, and spleen. Therefore, a murine skeletal muscle cDNA library was used to identify and obtain the coding sequence of the ADPRT gene. It is shown that the nucleic acid open reading frame sequence of the murine skeletal muscle gene shares 80.3% and 76.3% homology with the sequences of the human and rabbit muscle genes, respectively. Semiquantitative RT-PCR with intron-spanning primers shows that the ADPRT mRNA is present in lymphoid organs, cytotoxic T cells, and T-cell lines. Transfection of the ADPRT coding sequence into EL4 cells results in expression of the enzyme as a functional GPI-anchored cell-surface protein, able to ADP-ribosylate the arginine analog agmatine as well as cell-surface molecules.