Vázquez P, Gómez de Segura I A, Cos A, Candela C G, De Miguel E
Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital General de Segovia.
Nutr Hosp. 1996 Nov-Dec;11(6):321-7.
malnutrition and surgical stress is a relatively common association. At present, different enteral nutrition formulation are available, which are potentially applicable to different pathological conditions. The use of one diet or another may modify both the nutritional state as the intestinal structure and function. The objective of this study is to evaluate, in a malnutrition and surgical stress model in the rat, the effect of four enteral diets on the ponderal and structural evolution of the intestinal mucosa.
adult Wistar rats weighing 230 g divided into four groups (n = 8/group), according to the enteral nutrition diet administered (elemental-elemental-028, polymeric with fiber-Enrich, peptidic with glutamine-Alltraq, and rich in arginine, fatty acids, and CO3 impact). All animals were subjected to an acute protein deficit for one week, and surgical stress consisting of the performance of a laparotomy. During another week the animals were fed with one of the four diets on a hypocaloric base of 195 kcal/week/rat, to maximize the effects of each diet, after which the animals were sacrificed. Determinations were made of body and intestinal weight variations, and samples were taken of the jejunum, ileum, and colon tissue. A histomorphometric study was conducted on these samples (crypt length and villosity).
all groups lost weight in a similar manner with respect to the initial weight, with the exception of the animals fed with the polymeric diet with fiber, whose weight loss was even more marked. The intestinal weight was greater in those animals who received an arginine rich diet. In the jejunum and ileum samples the villus length was greatest in the group receiving a glutamine rich diet, with the length being shortest when fed with the elemental diet. The crypt depth showed as similar variation. In the colon, the greatest crypt depth was seen in the animals who received a fiber rich diet.
diets rich in glutamine and arginine, as well as the elemental diet, are more efficient when it comes to maintaining body weight, although the latter is the one which maintains the small intestine weight the least, without there being a direct relation between these two parameters. The enriched diets are the ones which give the best results when it comes to maintaining body weight and mucosal mass. In the colon, the fiber enriched diet stimulate the growth of colonic mucosa.
营养不良与手术应激是一种较为常见的关联情况。目前，有不同的肠内营养制剂可供使用，它们可能适用于不同的病理状况。使用不同的饮食可能会改变营养状态以及肠道结构与功能。本研究的目的是在大鼠的营养不良和手术应激模型中，评估四种肠内饮食对肠道黏膜重量及结构演变的影响。
将体重230克的成年Wistar大鼠根据所给予的肠内营养饮食分为四组（每组n = 8）（要素型 - 要素型 - 028、含纤维的聚合物型 - Enrich、含谷氨酰胺的肽型 - Alltraq以及富含精氨酸、脂肪酸和CO3的Impact型）。所有动物均经历一周的急性蛋白质缺乏，并接受剖腹手术造成手术应激。在接下来的一周里，以195千卡/周/大鼠的低热量基础，用四种饮食中的一种喂养动物，以使每种饮食的效果最大化，之后处死动物。测定体重和肠道重量变化，并采集空肠、回肠和结肠组织样本。对这些样本进行组织形态计量学研究（隐窝长度和绒毛长度）。
除了喂食含纤维聚合物饮食的动物体重减轻更为明显外，所有组相对于初始体重的体重减轻方式相似。接受富含精氨酸饮食的动物肠道重量更大。在空肠和回肠样本中，接受富含谷氨酰胺饮食的组绒毛长度最长，而喂食要素型饮食时最短。隐窝深度呈现类似变化。在结肠中，接受富含纤维饮食的动物隐窝深度最大。
富含谷氨酰胺和精氨酸的饮食以及要素型饮食在维持体重方面更有效，尽管要素型饮食维持小肠重量的效果最差，而且这两个参数之间没有直接关系。富含营养成分的饮食在维持体重和黏膜质量方面效果最佳。在结肠中，富含纤维的饮食刺激结肠黏膜生长。
