Gutiérrez-Robledo L M, Reyes-Ortega G, Rocabado-Quevedo F, López-Franchini J
Departamento de Geriatría, Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México.
Salud Publica Mex. 1996 Nov-Dec;38(6):487-500.
To critically analyze the level and quality of infrastructure, human resources and organization of long term care institutions for the elderly in Mexico City and to describe the functional status and care requirements of their residents.
A census was made of the institutions located in the metropolitan area of Mexico City which totalled 115. These were classified according to their belonging to the public or private sector (for profit and non-profit). In each category we made a random selection of 33 institutions which were all assessed according to the methodology described by Firevicius and applied by PAHO in several countries in Latin-America. This questionnaire was applied by a single interviewer. Within the selected institutions, 30% of the residents, who were also randomly selected were assessed by means of the Kuntzman's care requirements scale. Out of a total population of 1955, 617 (34%) residents were assessed.
The mean score obtained by the institutions was under 50% of the maximum possible score with a great deal of dispersion of the results. The lowest scores were identified in the private for profit sector and in a subgroup of public institutions. The highest scores were found among private non-profit institutions and a sector of the public institutions. The most important shortcomings identified were related to infrastructure and quality of human resources. The mean age of the institutionalized elderly is 76; 48.1% are functionally independent, 21.3% partially dependent and 30.6% totally dependent. When trying to correlate the mean functional status of the population of a given institution with its resources for care-giving we usually found no correlation. It is commonplace to find highly dependent populations living in poorly staffed or inadequately equipped institutions and vice versa
Quality of care in long term care institutions in Mexico City is often poor and this is particularly true for private for profit institutions. Lack of norms and supervision pertaining to the functioning of such institutions contributes greatly to this reality.
严格分析墨西哥城老年长期护理机构的基础设施水平、人力资源及组织情况，并描述其居民的功能状态和护理需求。
对位于墨西哥城大都市区的115家机构进行普查。这些机构根据其所属公共或私营部门（营利性和非营利性）进行分类。在每个类别中，随机选择33家机构，均按照Firevicius描述并由泛美卫生组织在拉丁美洲多个国家应用的方法进行评估。该问卷由一名访谈员进行发放。在选定的机构中，随机抽取30%的居民，通过昆茨曼护理需求量表进行评估。在1955名居民总数中，评估了617名（34%）居民。
这些机构获得的平均分数低于最高分的50%，结果差异很大。得分最低的是私营营利性部门和一部分公共机构。得分最高的是私营非营利性机构和一部分公共机构。发现的最重要缺陷与基础设施和人力资源质量有关。机构养老老年人的平均年龄为76岁；48.1%功能独立，21.3%部分依赖，30.6%完全依赖。当试图将特定机构居民的平均功能状态与其护理资源进行关联时，通常未发现相关性。经常可以看到，在人员配备不足或设备不完善的机构中住着高度依赖他人护理的人群，反之亦然。
墨西哥城长期护理机构的护理质量往往很差，私营营利性机构尤其如此。缺乏与这类机构运作相关的规范和监管在很大程度上导致了这一现状。
