O'Hagan D T, Ott G S, Van Nest G
Chiron Corporation, Emergville, CA 94704, USA. derek_o'
Mol Med Today. 1997 Feb;3(2):69-75. doi: 10.1016/S1357-4310(96)10058-7.
Vaccines produced by recombinant DNA technology are safer than 'traditional' vaccines but they are often poorly immunogenic, requiring adjuvants to enhance their immunogenicity. Particulate adjuvants of defined dimensions (< 5 microns) have been shown to be effective in enhancing the immunogenicity of 'weak' antigens in animal models. Two novel adjuvants that possess significant potential for the development of new vaccines are the MF59 sub-microemulsion and polymeric microparticles. MF59 is an oil-in-water emulsion and has been shown to be both potent and safe in human subjects with several vaccines. Microparticles prepared from the biodegradable polymer poly(lactide-co-glycolide) have been shown to enhance immunogenicity when administered by mucosal routes, such as oral and intranasal, and they also possess considerable potential for the development of single-dose vaccines through the use of controlled-release technology.
通过重组DNA技术生产的疫苗比“传统”疫苗更安全，但它们的免疫原性往往较差，需要佐剂来增强其免疫原性。已证明尺寸确定（<5微米）的颗粒佐剂在增强动物模型中“弱”抗原的免疫原性方面是有效的。两种在新型疫苗开发中具有巨大潜力的新型佐剂是MF59亚微乳剂和聚合物微粒。MF59是一种水包油乳剂，已证明在与几种疫苗联合使用时，对人体有效且安全。由可生物降解聚合物聚（丙交酯-共-乙交酯）制备的微粒已证明，通过粘膜途径（如口服和鼻内给药）给药时可增强免疫原性，并且它们在通过使用控释技术开发单剂量疫苗方面也具有相当大的潜力。
