Lloyd B, Lucas K, Fernbach M
School of Social Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, U.K.
J Adolesc. 1997 Feb;20(1):43-56. doi: 10.1006/jado.1996.0063.
A model of social identities constructed in terms of group membership is used to explore the incidence of cigarette smoking among adolescent girls. A sharp increase in girls' smoking at about 14 years of age related both to age and to puberty is demonstrated in a discriminant function analysis. The model is successful in identifying membership in never smoked and regular smoker groups but does not identify occasional smokers. Girls' ratings of 13 identity descriptors are summarised in similar, three scale nonsmoker and smokers identities. The nonsmoker identity is rated higher on the "mature" and "sensible" scales while the smoker identity is rated higher on the "fun-loving" scale and a fourteenth descriptor, breaks rules. The descriptors loading on the "mature" scale are contested suggesting that members of both smoking and nonsmoking groups value cool, popular, grown-up and makes up own mind. Material from focus group discussions demonstrates that the particular meanings of some descriptors may vary with group membership and values. Both the prevalence analysis and the focus group material support the hypothesis that interventions are best targeted at specific groups and that the occasional smoker identity needs to be targeted specifically in interventions designed to reduce smoking among adolescent girls.
一个基于群体成员身份构建的社会身份模型被用于探究青春期女孩吸烟的发生率。判别函数分析表明，女孩在约14岁时吸烟率急剧上升，这与年龄和青春期都有关。该模型成功地识别了从不吸烟组和经常吸烟组的成员身份，但未能识别偶尔吸烟者。女孩对13个身份描述符的评分被归纳为类似的、三个量表的非吸烟者和吸烟者身份。非吸烟者身份在“成熟”和“明智”量表上得分较高，而吸烟者身份在“爱玩乐”量表和第14个描述符“违反规则”上得分较高。在“成熟”量表上的描述符存在争议，这表明吸烟组和非吸烟组的成员都看重酷、受欢迎、成熟和有主见。焦点小组讨论的材料表明，一些描述符的特定含义可能因群体成员身份和价值观而异。患病率分析和焦点小组材料都支持这样的假设，即干预措施最好针对特定群体，并且在旨在减少青春期女孩吸烟的干预措施中，需要特别针对偶尔吸烟者身份。
