Fry A C, Kraemer W J
Department of Human Movement Sciences and Education, University of Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
Sports Med. 1997 Feb;23(2):106-29. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199723020-00004.
Overtraining is defined as an increase in training volume and/or intensity of exercise resulting in performance decrements. Recovery from this condition often requires many weeks or months. A shorter or less severe variation of overtraining is referred to as overreaching, which is easily recovered from in just a few days. Many structured training programmes utilise phases of overreaching to provide variety of the training stimulus. Much of the scientific literature on overtraining is based on aerobic activities, despite the fact that resistance exercise is a large component of many exercise programmes. Chronic resistance exercise can result in differential responses to overtraining depending on whether either training volume or training intensity is excessive. The neuroendocrine system is a complex physiological entity that can influence many other systems. Neuroendocrine responses to high volume resistance exercise overtraining appear to be somewhat similar to overtraining for aerobic activities. On the other hand, excessive resistance training intensity produces a distinctly different neuroendocrine profile. As a result, some of the neuroendocrine characteristics often suggested as markers of overtraining may not be applicable to some overtraining scenarios. Further research will permit elucidation of the interactions between the neuroendocrine system and other physiological systems in the aetiology of performance decrements from overtraining.
过度训练被定义为训练量和/或运动强度的增加导致运动表现下降。从这种状态恢复通常需要数周或数月。过度训练的一种较轻或不太严重的变体被称为过度疲劳，只需几天就能轻松恢复。许多结构化训练计划利用过度疲劳阶段来提供多样化的训练刺激。尽管抗阻运动是许多运动计划的重要组成部分，但关于过度训练的许多科学文献都是基于有氧运动的。长期抗阻运动对过度训练的反应可能因训练量或训练强度是否过大而有所不同。神经内分泌系统是一个复杂的生理实体，会影响许多其他系统。高训练量抗阻运动过度训练的神经内分泌反应似乎与有氧运动过度训练有些相似。另一方面，过度的抗阻训练强度会产生明显不同的神经内分泌特征。因此，一些常被认为是过度训练标志物的神经内分泌特征可能不适用于某些过度训练情况。进一步的研究将有助于阐明神经内分泌系统与其他生理系统在过度训练导致运动表现下降病因中的相互作用。
