A simple bedside manoeuvre to detect ascites.

BACKGROUND

Shifting dullness and fluid wave are two techniques commonly used to detect ascites. However, these may fail to detect moderate or minimal ascites. Ultrasonography is a good non-invasive method to detect ascites but may not be available in distant rural areas of India. We assessed the utility of the puddle sign and auscultatory percussion for detecting ascites.

METHODS

Sixty-six patients with suspected ascites were included in the study. Those with a previous history of ascites, or therapeutic paracentesis and in whom ascites was detected by shifting dullness or fluid wave were excluded. The puddle sign and auscultatory percussion were elicited in all the patients. Ultrasonography was used as the gold standard. To eliminate any observer bias the investigators were blinded to each others' findings.

RESULTS

Auscultatory percussion had a greater sensitivity (65.7% v. 45%, p < 0.05) but a lower specificity than the puddle sign (48.4% v. 67.7%, p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between positive and negative predictive values and the positive and negative likelihood ratios.

CONCLUSION

Auscultatory percussion is a better method than puddle sign for detecting ascites as it has a greater sensitivity.