Care of the hemodialysis patient with a new permanent vascular access: review of assessment and teaching.

Problems related to vascular access are the main reasons for admission to hospitals for hemodialysis patients today. Some patients develop vascular access problems prior to use and many require repeated surgery. This article addresses some of the key aspects of patient assessment and monitoring in the immediate preoperative/postoperative period. The focus is on the prevention of early vascular access failure. Approaches for patient teaching are included, as are strategies that should be part of a vascular access management program.