Nordeen K W
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, New York 14627-0268, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1997 Jan 15;807:386-400. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51934.x.
A wide range of neural events takes place during avian song learning, including changes in receptor systems and synaptic organization and the wholesale production and growth of new cells and their connections. Any (or all) of these events may be involved in song learning, and therefore their timing may restrict when auditory memories are laid down in the song system and when these memories are used to pattern vocal behavior. In particular, mounting evidence indicates that NMDA receptor activation participates in the acquisition of auditory memories during song learning, and developmental changes in the number and function of NMDA receptors within the song system may regulate the capacity for song learning. These developmental changes in NMDA receptors occur in conjunction with a period of synapse elimination, and NMDA receptor activation during song learning may regulate this regressive event. In addition, both developmental and seasonal periods of vocal learning correlate well with neuronal addition and turnover within the vocal motor pathway. This temporal overlap provides the opportunity for auditory experience to shape the initial organization of naive motor circuitry. Thus, a variety of cellular substrates present themselves as candidates for providing the neural plasticity necessary for song learning and may together regulate how and when experience is stored in the nervous system.
在鸟类鸣叫学习过程中会发生一系列广泛的神经活动，包括受体系统和突触组织的变化，以及新细胞及其连接的大量产生和生长。这些活动中的任何一个（或全部）都可能参与鸣叫学习，因此它们的时间安排可能会限制听觉记忆在鸣叫系统中形成的时间，以及这些记忆用于塑造发声行为的时间。特别是，越来越多的证据表明，NMDA受体激活参与鸣叫学习过程中听觉记忆的获取，鸣叫系统内NMDA受体数量和功能的发育变化可能会调节鸣叫学习的能力。NMDA受体的这些发育变化与突触消除期同时发生，鸣叫学习过程中NMDA受体的激活可能会调节这一退行性事件。此外，鸣叫学习的发育阶段和季节性阶段都与发声运动通路中的神经元添加和更替密切相关。这种时间上的重叠为听觉经验塑造幼稚运动回路的初始组织提供了机会。因此，多种细胞底物成为提供鸣叫学习所需神经可塑性的候选者，并可能共同调节经验在神经系统中存储的方式和时间。
