Carlton C, McKean T
Anat Rec. 1977 Sep;189(1):91-107. doi: 10.1002/ar.1091890107.
Selective cooling of the brain during heat stress has been shown by others to be a method of temperature regulation for mammals having carotid retia. This study describes the macroscopic anatomy of the cranial circulation of elk, deer and pronghorn as it might pertain to the functioning of carotid retia and orbital retia as heat exchangers. Emphasis has been placed on describing the source of venous blood bathing these retia, for blood flow from these sources to the ophthalmic plexus and cavernous sinus will establish a temperature difference between arterial and venous blood, and influence the magnitude of this gradient. The pronghorn possesses a carotid rete with greater density and smaller calibre vessels overall and a more highly vascular orbital rete compared to the elk and the deer. These anatomical differences may indicate differences in efficiency of heat exchange in the retia. It is suggested that the orbital rete is anatomically in a position to moderate extremes of temperature by cooling arterial blood flowing to neural tissue of the eye and olfactory bulbs.
其他人已证明，在热应激期间对大脑进行选择性冷却，是有颈动脉网的哺乳动物的一种温度调节方法。本研究描述了麋鹿、鹿和叉角羚颅循环的宏观解剖结构，因为它可能与作为热交换器的颈动脉网和眶网的功能有关。重点在于描述流经这些网的静脉血的来源，因为从这些来源流向眼丛和海绵窦的血流将在动脉血和静脉血之间形成温差，并影响该梯度的大小。与麋鹿和鹿相比，叉角羚的颈动脉网总体上血管密度更高、血管口径更小，眶网的血管分布更密集。这些解剖学差异可能表明网中热交换效率的差异。有人认为，眶网在解剖学上能够通过冷却流向眼球和嗅球神经组织的动脉血来调节极端温度。
