Sadoshima J, Izumo S
Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0644, USA.
Annu Rev Physiol. 1997;59:551-71. doi: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.59.1.551.
External load plays a critical role in determining muscle mass and its phenotype in cardiac myocytes. Cardiac myocytes have the ability to sense mechanical stretch and convert it into intracellular growth signals, which lead to hypertrophy. Mechanical stretch of cardiac myocytes in vitro causes activation of multiple second messenger systems that are very similar to growth factor-induced cell signaling systems. Stretch of neonatal rat cardiac myocytes stimulates a rapid secretion of angiotensin II which, together with other growth factors, mediates stretch-induced hypertrophic responses in vitro. In this review, various cell signaling mechanisms initiated by mechanical stress on cardiac myocytes are summarized with emphasis on potential mechanosensing mechanisms and the relationship between mechanical loading and the cardiac renin-angiotensin system.
外部负荷在决定心肌细胞的肌肉质量及其表型方面起着关键作用。心肌细胞有能力感知机械牵张并将其转化为细胞内生长信号，从而导致肥大。体外心肌细胞的机械牵张会激活多个第二信使系统，这些系统与生长因子诱导的细胞信号系统非常相似。新生大鼠心肌细胞的牵张会刺激血管紧张素II的快速分泌，血管紧张素II与其他生长因子一起介导体外牵张诱导的肥大反应。在这篇综述中，总结了由心肌细胞上的机械应力引发的各种细胞信号机制，重点是潜在的机械传感机制以及机械负荷与心脏肾素-血管紧张素系统之间的关系。
