Bergmark E
Department of Radiobiology, Stockholm University, Sweden.
Chem Res Toxicol. 1997 Jan;10(1):78-84. doi: 10.1021/tx960113p.
Acrylamide is a chemical which is extensively used in research laboratories for the preparation of polyacrylamide gels for electrophoresis (PAGE). Blood samples were collected from laboratory personnel who were working with PAGE, from smokers, and from nonsmokers. Hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide, acrylonitrile, and ethylene oxide were determined using the modified Edman degradation procedure. Acrylamide adducts were detected in all persons. The PAGE workers (mean 54 pmol/g) had a significantly increased adduct level compared to nonsmoking controls (mean 31 pmol/g). The acrylamide adducts in smokers (mean 116 pmol/g) correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked per day. This confirms the presence of acrylamide in tobacco smoke and shows that it is an important source of acrylamide exposure. The increased level of acrylamide adducts in the PAGE workers corresponds to an uptake of acrylamide from about 3 cigarettes per day. It is not possible from this study to draw any conclusion as to which step in the working procedure is most critical for exposure. The PAGE workers are probably not at risk for neurotoxic damage to the peripheral nervous system. However, it needs to be investigated whether the exposure to acrylamide in PAGE workers represents a risk for genotoxic and reproductive effects. The high background of acrylamide adducts in nonsmoking controls was unexpected. The origin of this background is not known. Acrylonitrile adducts were below the detection limit (< 2 pmol/g) in nonsmoking controls. In the smokers (mean 106 pmol/g) this adduct correlated with cigarettes/day and with ethylene oxide adducts. Acrylonitrile adducts could be a better indicator of tobacco smoking than ethylene oxide adducts since the latter are showing a background of endogenous origin.
丙烯酰胺是一种化学物质，在研究实验室中广泛用于制备用于电泳（PAGE）的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶。从从事PAGE工作的实验室人员、吸烟者和非吸烟者中采集血样。使用改良的埃德曼降解程序测定丙烯酰胺、丙烯腈和环氧乙烷的血红蛋白加合物。在所有人中均检测到丙烯酰胺加合物。与非吸烟对照组（平均31 pmol/g）相比，从事PAGE工作的人员（平均54 pmol/g）的加合物水平显著升高。吸烟者中的丙烯酰胺加合物（平均116 pmol/g）与每日吸烟量相关。这证实了烟草烟雾中存在丙烯酰胺，并表明它是丙烯酰胺暴露的一个重要来源。从事PAGE工作的人员中丙烯酰胺加合物水平的升高相当于每天从约3支香烟中摄取丙烯酰胺。从这项研究中无法得出关于工作程序中的哪个步骤对暴露最为关键的任何结论。从事PAGE工作的人员可能不存在外周神经系统神经毒性损伤的风险。然而，需要调查从事PAGE工作的人员接触丙烯酰胺是否会带来遗传毒性和生殖影响的风险。非吸烟对照组中丙烯酰胺加合物的高背景是出乎意料的。这种背景的来源尚不清楚。非吸烟对照组中丙烯腈加合物低于检测限（<2 pmol/g）。在吸烟者中（平均106 pmol/g），这种加合物与每日吸烟量以及环氧乙烷加合物相关。丙烯腈加合物可能比环氧乙烷加合物更能作为吸烟的指标，因为后者显示出内源性来源的背景。
